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Indijska književnost v angleščini v post-kolonialnem obdobju

Indijska književnost v angleščini v post-kolonialnem obdobju « Back

Mirko Mrčela
Obseg: 236 strani / vezava: mehka / leto izida: 2010
ISBN: 978-961-235-406-0

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Mrčela se v pričujočem delu ukvarja s političnimi razmerji in družbenim položajem ter identitetami družbenih skupin in posameznikov, ki jih strukturirajo razmere post-kolonialne realnosti. Meni, da je nastanek novih, post-kolonialnih književnosti v angleščini v neposredni povezavi s kolonialno izkušnjo in v svojem delu poskuša odgovoriti na vprašanja, zakaj se pisatelji v nekdanjih kolonijah odločajo za pisanje v jeziku kolonizatorja ter ali je nastanek indijske književnosti v angleščini povezan z željo za bolj avtentičnim prikazom indijske realnosti v leposlovju v primerjavi s tistim, kar so ustvarili evropski pisatelji (npr. R. Kipling in E. M. Foster).

Mrčela v drugem delu besedila analizira tri indijske romane, izbrane zaradi izjemnega pomena, ki ga imajo avtorji kot pripadniki treh generacij, ki so delovale po osamosvojitvi Indije, v indijski in svetovni literaturi. Analiza treh izbranih literarnih del kaže na odnose moči med bivšo kolonijo in kolonialnim središčem. Vsi trije analizirani avtorji problematizirajo odnos do jezika nekdanjega kolonizatorja, odnos središče – kolonija iz vidika kolonialnega subjekta ter hibridnost identitet posameznikov in posameznic v kontekstu post-kolonialne družbe. V vseh treh romanih je očiten vpliv in umeščenost del in njihovih avtorjev v angleški/evropski kulturni krog. Roman G. V. Desanija All About H. Hatterr je napisan v letu po indijski osamosvojitvi in je za Mrčelovo analizo zanimiv zaradi specifičnega jezika. Midnight’s Children (1981) je roman svetovno priznanega indijskega pisatelja Salmana Rushdieja, ki obravnava tematiko nacionalizma (»rojstva nacije«) in doseganja politične neodvisnosti Indije skozi paralelne pripovedi o zgodovini glavnega junaka in Indije v obdobju od 1947 do 1978. Tretje analizirano delo je roman indijske pisateljice udi Arundhati Roy The God of Small Things (1997) v katerem pisateljica povezuje »male zgodbe« življenja junakov romana z zgodovinskimi dogodki (ki vplivajo in določajo usode ljudi) in skozi to tematizira vprašanje iskanja identitete, umeščene v odnose moči v družbi.

Avtor poudarja družbeno umeščenost literarnega dela: »Pisatelji ne ustvarjajo v nekem imaginarnem prostoru, ki ga naseljuje samo njihova domišljija, ampak v konkretnem družbenem prostoru, v katerem so bolj ali manj podvrženi različnim kulturnim vzorcem, ki so značilni za ta prostor.«

Poleg nedvomnega prispevka na področju literarne kritike delo predstavlja tudi odličen prispevek k razumevanju indijske politične in družbene realnosti v obdobju po letu 1947, ko je Indija dosegla politično neodvisnost in je tako zanimivo tudi za bralce, ki želijo razumeti kompleksnost razmerij post-kolonialnega sveta na primeru Indije.

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