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Catching up and Determinants of Services Growth in New Member States / CIR Analyses 3 « Nazaj

Metka Stare, Andreja Jaklič, Anže Burger

ISBN: 978-961-235-396-4

Since the launching of transition reforms, the Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) have seen a radical structural transformation and institutional changes that have been reflected in the shifts of output and employment in favour of services. Even though the dynamics and patterns of these shifts vary among countries, depending on both the different backgrounds and the speed and nature of transition reforms, the services sector has acquired a dominant position in all New Member States and has been catching up with the EU15. The book gives a detailed insight into tertiarisation and catching–up process and reveals the main determinants of employment growth in different service groups in the period 1995-2007. Public, private and mixed services in New Member States have undergone disparate patterns of change during the transition. The evaluation of the progress of the CEECs towards EU15 standards through the lens of efficiency of private services and the performance of public services, indicates that the gap in private services is much larger. Public and mixed services are much more transition specific while employment growth in private services is closer to patterns in developed economies and influenced by income growth. The challenge remains how to simultaneously boost employment and efficiency in private services. Exploiting the innovation potential and using service outsourcing as a catalyst for productivity improvements and restructuring of public and private services may contribute to faster development.

Razvojno dohitevanje in determinante rasti storitev v novih državah članicah
Strukturne in institucionalne reforme so v srednje in vzhodno evropskih državah pospešile rast storitvenih dejavnosti, ki v ustvarjeni vrednosti in številu zaposlenih dosegajo največji delež. Dinamika in vzorci razvojnega dohitevanja v storitvenih dejavnostih se med nekdanjimi tranzicijskimi državami zelo razlikujejo tako zaradi različnih izhodišč kakor tudi zaradi razlik v reformah času tranzicije in pridruževanja Evropski uniji. Knjiga razkriva značilnosti razvojnega dohitevanja in konvergence v storitvenih dejavnostih med deseterico novih članic iz Srednje in Vzhodne Evrope in ostalimi članicami Evropske unije ter prikaže glavne determinante rasti zaposlenosti v storitvenih dejavnostih v obdobju od leta 1995 do leta 2007. Empirične analize pokažejo, da med javnimi, zasebnimi in mešanimi storitvami obstajajo velike razlike. V primerjavi z EU 15 je zaostajanje veliko večje v tržnih storitvah, determinante rasti zaposlenosti pa so za tržne storitve bolj podobne determinantam v razvitih državah. Javne in mešane storitve, v katerih je zaostanek manjši, so na drugi strani bolj občutljive na institucionalne dejavnike in tranzicijske reforme. V procesu konvergence ostaja izziv povečanje zaposlenosti in učinkovitosti v tržnih storitvah. Večje izkoriščanje inovacijskega potenciala in prenosa storitev na zunanje izvajalce (outsourcing) omogoča rast produktivnosti, prestukturiranje in hitrejši razvoj.

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